Microbiome and Chronic Disease

Abstract

The origin of “microbiota” can be dated back to early 1900s. It was found that a vast number of microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, and viruses, coexist in various sites of the human body (gut, skin, lung, oral cavity). The gut microbiome, in particular, has been closely linked to metabolic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiota, can impair the gut's ability to regulate metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation. Key mechanisms by which the microbiome affects metabolic diseases include: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), inflammation and energy harvest. The gut microbiome is crucial for regulating metabolism, energy balance, and immune function. Disruptions in the gut microbiome have been associated with conditions such as obesity, type 2 Diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Maintaining a healthy microbiome through a balanced diet, regular exercise, and careful use of antibiotics can help reduce the risk of conditions like obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disorders, and even some cancers. As research in this area continues to evolve, the microbiome may become a key target for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.