The Relation Between Ambulatory Blood Pressure, Age and Gender

Abstract

Introduction: Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring offers an extensive evaluation of blood pressure (BP) fluctuations over a 24-hour period, facilitating a more profound comprehension of the impact of demographic variables such as age and gender. This study seeks to examine the correlation among age, gender, and arterial blood pressure (ABP), specifically emphasizing systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) variability. Comprehending these relationships is essential for formulating individualized methods for hypertension therapy.
Methodology: The methodology employed was cross-sectional observational research conducted at NAWAT ALMUSTAKBAL .AZAWEA LIBYA from 2022 to 2024. Continuous 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate data were obtained by ambulatory cardiovascular monitoring (ABPM) technology at Nawat Almostaqbal Clinic. Participants engaged in a standardized preparatory phase, which included a 5-minute acclimatization period, succeeded by three baseline measures of blood pressure and heart rate. Participants were then equipped with ABPM devices to continually monitor blood pressure during their routine daily activities and sleep.
Results: The findings indicate that age significantly influences systolic blood pressure, with elevated readings observed in older individuals. Nevertheless, age appeared to exert minimal influence on diastolic blood pressure. Conversely, gender significantly influenced diastolic blood pressure, with males demonstrating elevated levels of lean BP during wakefulness, but no notable variations in systolic blood pressure were observed between the genders. The research indicated that wake/sleep status significantly affected SBP due to circadian rhythms, but did not notably alter DBP variability or HR variability. Age, gender, and circadian state did not significantly influence heart rate variability or the fluctuation of diastolic blood pressure.
Conclusion: The findings from the research indicate that although age significantly influences SBP, gender exerts a far greater impact on DBP levels. The diurnal cycle significantly affects the variation of SBP, indicating that physicians should take the time of day into account while managing a patient with hypertension. The conclusion is evident regarding the necessity for physicians to employ distinctive treatment options for patients.