Spatial Variation of The Impact of Salmonella Bacteria on The Soil of The Plateau (Najaf – Karbala) Using Modern Technologies

Abstract

The research concluded through field studies and laboratory work that there  is spatial and temporal variation of soil contamination with Salmonella bacteria in the soil of the plateau (Najaf – Karbala) within the center of Najaf district and Al-Haydariyah sub-district by taking (36)sites and(144)models and by four seasons ( summer, autumn, winter and spring) and then  diagnosed and analyzed  microbiologically and  know their types and numbers and the effects caused by these pathological species on humans, animals and plants, as two types of Salmonella  bacteria were discovered in the soil of the study area and these two types were (Salmonella enteritidis,  Salmonella typhi) was also known to have spatial variation for all the previous two species, as it was found that there are sites that record the highest presence of Salmonella bacteria in the soil of the study area, on the contrary, there are sites that did not record any presence of this bacteria , and the temporal variation between the seasons was also known, as autumn and spring recorded the highest presence and then winter ranked third and finally recorded the summer in terms of the total number of Salmonella bacteria in the soil of the study area, and finally the research concluded that the study area poses an environmental threat to the population in particular and the population of Najaf Governorate In general, what these types of bacteria leave on the environment .