Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Efficacy Of Novel Dental Varnish Containing Grape Seed Extract And Nanohydroxyapatite Against Streptococcus Mutans – An In-Vitro Study

Abstract

Background-Dental caries is a biofilm mediated disease predominantly initiated by Streptococcus mutans, leading to early enamel demineralization. While fluoride based varnishes are widely used for caries prevention, the search for bioactive, fluoride free alternatives has intensified. Grape seed extract (GSE), rich in proanthocyanidins, exhibits antimicrobial properties, and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) mimics enamel mineral composition, supporting remineralization.

Aim-To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of a novel dental varnish containing 5% Grape Seed Extract and nano-hydroxyapatite against Streptococcus mutans, as a preventive approach for initial enamel caries.

Materials and Methods-A novel experimental varnish incorporating nano-hydroxyapatite and 5% Grape Seed Extract was formulated. Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans was assessed using the agar well diffusion method. After incubation at 37°C for 48 hours, the zone of inhibition was measured in millimeters to determine bacterial sensitivity.

Results-The experimental varnish demonstrated a mean zone of inhibition of 19mm against Streptococcus mutans, indicating significant antibacterial activity and sensitivity of the organism to the formulation.

Conclusion- Findings suggest its potential role as an anticariogenic, fluoride free preventive agent for managing initial enamel caries through combined antimicrobial and biomimetic remineralization mechanisms.