The Impact of Social Media on Beauty Standards: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Patient and Cosmetic Provider Perspectives

Abstract

Introduction:  Social media is reshaping modern beauty standards, influencing how people perceive themselves, and driving trends in cosmetic procedures. Platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Snapchat promote unrealistic ideals through influencers, filters, and editing tools. As a result, more young adults experience body dissatisfaction and an increasing desire for cosmetic enhancements. This study examines how social media affects beauty perceptions and influences cosmetic care professionals.

Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out. Data were gathered from PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO, with inclusion criteria focussing on studies examining the behavioral and psychological effects of social media on the demand for cosmetic procedures. Meta-analysis techniques were used to summarise quantitative data, evaluating effect sizes and diversity among studies.

Results:  A total of 33 studies analyzed with participant sizes from 20 to over 3,200 found that 26% to 80% reported social media impacting their self-perception. More than 4 hours of daily exposure was linked to increased symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). The most popular cosmetic procedures in high demand are rhinoplasty, lip augmentation, and dermal fillers, with up to 87.9% of participants considering them. A meta-analysis revealed a significant correlation between social media exposure and interest in cosmetic procedures, with prevalence rates between 33% and 57%.

Conclusion:  Social media promotes inapproachable beauty standards, leading to increased body dissatisfaction and a high demand for cosmetic procedures. To mitigate these effects, ethical guidelines for providers and public awareness initiatives are essential.