Laser Activated Photothermal Therapy as a Targeted Treatment in Periodontal Disease: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Abstract

Background: This study aims to assess the efficacy and clinical implications of photothermal therapy (PTT) in the management of periodontal disease by evaluating its impact on bacterial load reduction, tissue regeneration, and overall treatment outcomes.
Materials and Methods: A literature review spanning recent advancements in PTT for periodontal disease was conducted. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies published within the last decade (2013-2023). Inclusion criteria encompassed original research articles and clinical trials investigating PTT's mechanisms, experimental methodologies, clinical outcomes, and safety profiles. Data extraction included information on photothermal agents, laser parameters, experimental designs, and clinical implications.
Results and discussions: The selected five studies elucidated significant bacterial reduction, tissue healing, and modulation of inflammatory responses in clinical trials. Furthermore, it revealed promising outcomes, showcasing improved clinical parameters following PTT interventions, albeit with limitations in sample sizes and study durations. PTT exhibits substantial potential in managing periodontal disease by selectively targeting pathogens and modulating host responses.
Conclusion: The available literature underscores its efficacy in reducing bacterial load and promoting tissue regeneration. Future research should focus on refining protocols, optimizing parameters, and conducting robust clinical trials to establish PTT as an effective adjunct in routine periodontal care.