LGBTQ+ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice Among Medical Students in India: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and other (LGBTQIA+) community in India has historically faced deep-seated discrimination, stigma, and marginalization. This prejudice has led to significant disparities in health outcomes for LGBTQIA+ individuals, manifesting in numerous ways. These include limited access to healthcare services, poorer mental and physical health compared to the general population, and an increased vulnerability to violence and harassment. Despite recent progress in legal and social spheres, such as the decriminalization of homosexuality and the recognition of transgender rights, significant challenges persist. LGBTQIA+ individuals still encounter discrimination and a lack of understanding from healthcare providers, creating barriers to accessing appropriate and sensitive care. This negatively impacts their ability to seek help for health issues and can lead to delayed diagnoses, inadequate treatment, and overall poorer health outcomes. Medical education plays a crucial role in shaping the attitudes and knowledge of future healthcare providers. However, studies reveal a critical gap in medical curriculum in India. Training often lacks comprehensive information on LGBTQIA+ health issues, including the specific physical and mental health needs of this community, culturally sensitive communication strategies, and an understanding of the social determinants of health that uniquely affect LGBTQIA+ individuals. This gap in education perpetuates stigma and discrimination within the healthcare system, further hindering the provision of quality, equitable healthcare to LGBTQIA+ individuals. This review article aims to thoroughly examine the current state of knowledge and attitudes regarding the LGBTQIA+ community among medical students in India. It will analyse the findings of various studies to assess existing knowledge levels and prevalent attitudes, both positive and negative. Additionally, it will evaluate the impact of education and sensitization programs on medical students, identifying effective strategies for promoting inclusivity. Finally, the article will propose concrete recommendations for enhancing LGBTQIA+ awareness and sensitivity within medical education to foster a more inclusive and competent healthcare environment for all.