Review Of Benzothiazole-Coumarin Derivatives As Anti-Diabetic Agents

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and persistent hyperglycemia. Conventional anti-diabetic therapies, including metformin, sulfonylureas, and DPP-IV inhibitors, effectively control blood glucose levels but have limitations such as side effects, long-term efficacy concerns, and lack of β-cell protection. As a result, novel multi-targeted compounds with improved pharmacological profiles are being explored. This review evaluates the potential of benzothiazole-coumarin derivatives as multi-targeted anti-diabetic agents, focusing on their mechanisms of action, enzyme inhibition, structure-activity relationships (SAR), pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic implications. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies were selected based on their relevance to benzothiazole and coumarin derivatives, α-glucosidase and DPP-IV inhibition, insulin secretion, and antioxidant properties.
Benzothiazole-coumarin hybrids enhance insulin secretion via AMPK activation, inhibit α-glucosidase and DPP-IV, and improve insulin sensitivity. Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects offer additional β-cell protection, making them superior to many existing treatments.
Benzothiazole-coumarin derivatives represent a promising therapeutic approach for diabetes management. However, further preclinical and clinical studies are required to establish their safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic stability.