A Comparative Review Of Cervical Cancer Screening Practices In Primary Health Care Facilities: India And Global Perspectives

Abstract

Cervical cancer remains a major public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including India. Despite various screening initiatives at the primary health care (PHC) level, significant gaps persist in accessibility, effectiveness, and implementation. This review examines the current cervical cancer screening strategies in India, compares them with global best practices, and identifies key policy interventions necessary for improving screening coverage and outcomes. A comparative analysis of screening methods, including visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), Pap smear, and HPV testing, highlights their relative advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we explore successful health system approaches from other countries to derive lessons applicable to India. The review concludes with evidence-based recommendations for strengthening cervical cancer screening at PHC facilities in India by adapting proven international models.