Platelet-Rich Plasma in Dentistry: Unlocking the Future of Regenerative Healing and Tissue Repair

Abstract

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a promising therapy in regenerative dentistry, known for its ability to accelerate wound healing, enhance bone regeneration, and promote soft tissue repair. Derived from autologous blood, PRP is rich in growth factors and bioactive proteins, contributing to its therapeutic potential. It is widely used in implantology, periodontology, oral surgery, endodontics, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder management. However, inconsistencies in preparation techniques, platelet concentration, and clinical application challenge its standardization. This review evaluates PRP’s biological mechanisms, clinical applications, limitations, and prospects in dentistry. A systematic review of recent studies and clinical trials was conducted, analyzing PRP’s impact on osteogenesis, angiogenesis, inflammation modulation, and tissue regeneration. Comparisons with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) were included to assess relative effectiveness. PRP has shown significant benefits in implant osseointegration, bone graft integration, and soft tissue healing while reducing inflammatory responses and post-operative complications. Key growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), contribute to its regenerative effects. However, variability in preparation protocols and clinical outcomes remains a challenge. While PRP holds great potential in regenerative dentistry, standardized preparation methods, optimized application techniques, and large-scale clinical trials are necessary to ensure consistent results. Future advancements in stem cell integration, biomaterials, and tissue engineering could establish PRP as a cornerstone of next-generation dental therapies.