Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pediculosis capitis Among Adolescent Schoolgirls in Rural and Urban Silchar, Assam: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Pediculosis capitis remains a significant public health concern, particularly affecting school-aged children in resource-limited settings. However, comprehensive data on its prevalence and associated risk factors among adolescent schoolgirls in rural and urban India remains limited.
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of pediculosis capitis and identify associated risk factors among adolescent schoolgirls in rural and urban settings of Silchar, Assam.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2024 involving 100 female students (aged 13-16 years) from two schools representing rural and urban settings. Participants were selected through stratified random sampling. Diagnosis was confirmed using white hair conditioner application and fine-toothed combing, with microscopic verification for doubtful cases. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors were collected through structured interviews. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests and logistic regression.
Results: The overall prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 62%, with significantly higher rates in rural (74%) versus urban (50%) settings. Students aged 13-14 years showed the highest prevalence (68%). Significant risk factors included maternal education (OR=4.5, 95% CI: 2.21-8.19 for no formal education), sharing of combs (OR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.65-5.89), and long hair length (OR=2.84, 95% CI: 1.31-5.67). Poor hygiene practices were more prevalent in rural settings (60%) and significantly associated with infestation (OR=2.76, 95% CI: 1.49-4.81).
Conclusions: Pediculosis capitis demonstrates high prevalence among adolescent schoolgirls in Silchar, with significant rural-urban disparities. Maternal education and personal hygiene practices emerged as critical determinants. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions focusing on health education, improved hygiene practices, and community awareness, particularly in rural settings.