Infections caused by Gram positive cocci and their microbiological pattern in a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Gram-positive cocci are clinically important pathogens that cause infections and their development of antibiotic resistance continues to pose a severe threat to public health. Gram-positive cocci are included among some of the most significant human bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Strep. pneumoniae, along with species of lower virulence such as Staph. epidermidis,
Staph.saprophyticus and Enterococcus faecalis. Isolation and identification of these organisms is one of the most important but also routine tasks performed in clinical microbiology. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the level of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive cocci isolated from different clinical samples.
Methods: From June 2023 to July 2024, a cross-sectional study was conducted at Microbiology Laboratory. clinical samples were received in the Laboratory inoculated into and Blood Agar and MacConkey agar. Bacterial identification was done by observing morphology of colonies, as well as Gram staining, catalase testing, and coagulase test after isolation of pure growth on culture media using the standard operating procedure and required biochemical tests were performed for bacterial identification. Drug susceptibility testing using kirby-bauer disc diffusion will be done. The information entry and analysis were performed by using SPSS version 20.
Results: In our study period we received 5747samples and among them, total positive cultures are 2262 (39%). Among the total Gram-positive isolates 762 (34%) are Gram positive cocci. Among the Gram-positive cocci isolates staphylococcus aureus isolates are 484 (63.5%), Coagulase negative staphylococci are 141 (18.5%), streptococcus 95 (12.5%) and Enterococci are 42 (5.5%). Most of the isolates are MDR organisms
Conclusion: Importance of continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance patterns is crucial for selecting the suitable drug for treatment and infection prevention.