Use of E-cigarettes (Vaping) among dental students and their Self-perceived oral health symptoms: A Questionnaire-based study

Abstract

Recently, use of electronic nicotine releasing devices called as E- Cigarettes or Vaping Devices or Vape Pens has been trending globally [1,2]. Its use has increased, especially among adolescents and young adults [3]. The first identification of Vape terminology dates back to the 1960s when inventor H. Gilbert introduced the first alternative to the conventional cigarette. The mechanism of the vape consists a battery that generates an electric current, which activates a filament atomizer. This ignited filament causes e-liquid to evaporate in the cartridge, generating an aerosol. The vapours produced by vaping are not only made up of water as each inhalation introduces nanoparticles, volatile organic compounds, nicotine with flavourings in our bodies [4]. It has been seen to be more in routine as it has been promoted as an alternative to conventional nicotine cigarettes. Its sales have increased dramatically especially among the younger age consumers who consider vaping to be safer and more enjoyable than that of the traditional cigarettes [5]. However, Current presentation of these devices and the available commercial alerts are not clear enough to make consumers aware that vaping produces harmful effects. Since, its use is on a rise in western countries, WHO has issued an advisory to label and warn the impact of detrimental effects on health. Various substances such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein present in Vape are considered to be cancer inducers. Therefore, Vaping persists as an element detrimental to health [7]. Short term adverse effects such as Lipoid Pneumonia, poisoning or injuries caused due to being explosive have been documented in literature, however, long term effects are lacking [8].
Furthermore, there is ample evidence of establishing an association between vaping smoke and increased risk of developing oral complications such as caries, gingivitis and periodontal diseases [9]. With known ill effects, the manufacture, import/ export, sale and distribution of E- cigarettes is banned in many countries including India [10].
Since, dental clinicians play a pivotal role in tobacco cessation programmes and providing mass education about the ill-effects of tobacco use and use of Vaping devices [11]. Therefore, instilling awareness about E-cigarettes among students pursuing dentistry may prove effective since them being the future dentists [12]. However, their knowledge about Vaping and associated health complications is scarce, thus, this study is intended to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice about E-cigarettes and assessment of their own oral health related to the frequent use of Vaping devices among Indian students pursuing dental profession.