Diabetes Mellitus and Respiratory Function in Smokers Eligible for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Abstract

Diabetics' respiratory systems are characterized by fibroblast and vascular endothelial proliferation, increased density of pulmonary microspheres, and thickening of pulmonary vesicle walls due to increased collagen and elastin. These sorts of damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier, as well as reductions in pulmonary capacity and flow, hurt the body's functionality. Investigate the possible links between diabetes and respiratory parameters in smokers who are candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting. Assess early changes in lung volumes in smoking individuals before and after CABG using pulmonary function tests and determine how diabetes may influence these changes by comparing diabetic and non-diabetic patients. This was a prospective controlled study of 200 consecutive individuals who underwent elective coronary artery bypass surgery. Two hundred fifty-six patients were accepted to our study, but 56 were excluded (41 did not match our inclusion criteria, and 15 declined to participate), leaving us with 200 cases. There was a statistically significant difference between diabetes and non-diabetic subjects on lung function testing. Patients with diabetes who qualified for CABG showed poorer spirometry parameters than those without diabetes. This suggests that these individuals require respiratory examinations and treatment to improve their respiratory performance before and following cardiac surgery.