Knowledge of Saudi Adolescents Regarding Premarital Examination in Arar Region: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background:
Premarital examination programs are vital in preventing hereditary and communicable diseases, particularly in regions with high rates of consanguinity, such as Saudi Arabia. Despite their importance, gaps in adolescents' awareness and understanding of these programs persist.
Objectives:
This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of Saudi adolescents regarding premarital examinations, focusing on diseases screened, timing, consanguinity risks, and sources of information.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among unmarried adolescents at the North Private College of Nursing in Arar, Saudi Arabia. A stratified random sampling technique was used, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire addressing demographic characteristics, knowledge of diseases screened, and sources of information. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, were applied to identify associations and predictors.
Results:
The study included 176 participants, predominantly females (72.8%), aged 20–25 years (65.4%). Awareness of HIV/AIDS testing was moderate (56.3%), while knowledge of Hepatitis B (41.7%) and Hepatitis C (29.4%) was low. Awareness of consanguinity risks was higher (63.5%), significantly associated with gender (p = 0.04). Logistic regression identified consanguinity awareness as a significant predictor of understanding the mandatory nature of premarital testing (p = 0.004). Social media was the most common information source (51.8%).
Conclusions:
Significant gaps in knowledge, particularly regarding hepatitis and procedural details, highlight the need for targeted educational interventions. Leveraging social media and integrating premarital health topics into school curricula could enhance adolescents' understanding.