Types of Exercises Required in a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program: A Review of the Literature

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory condition that can be prevented and treated. It is identified by persistent airflow limitation. It is generally caused by extended exposure to hazardous particles, particularly those emitted by smoking, pollution, and occupational risks, and is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Aerobic, resistance, flexibility, and inspiratory muscle training (IMT), as well as high-intensity interval training (HIIT), are all necessary for enhancing functional capacity and quality of life in COPD patients. To enhance the effects of these exercise treatments, more research and optimization are required.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of various exercise therapies within pulmonary rehabilitation programs on health outcomes and quality of life in COPD patients.
Methods: A literature review was conducted using ScienceDirect and other databases, focusing on randomized controlled trials involving pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD published in English from 2015 to 2024. Search terms included 'pulmonary rehabilitation' and 'COPD.' Eligible studies included trials assessing exercise interventions in PR, excluding review articles, case studies, and dissertations. Data extracted included study details, participant demographics, interventions, and outcomes.
Results: Aerobic and resistance activities are important components of PR, as they significantly improve cardiovascular health, endurance, and muscle strength. HIIT was demonstrated to benefit those with low exercise tolerance, while IMT efficiently strengthened respiratory muscles, lowering dyspnea and improving overall breathing efficiency. Flexibility exercise improved posture and movement, hence contributing to general physical well-being.
Conclusions: PR programs, including aerobic, resistance, flexibility, and inspiratory muscle training, are crucial for managing COPD and improving patient outcomes. A tailored approach considering patient needs maximizes benefits.