Effect of inulin addition in fermented cassava (growol) cookies on the glycemic control and lipid profile in STZ-NA-induced diabetic rats

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an emergency health problem that occurs globally. The condition of DM contributes to an increase in morbidity due to complications, mortality rates, and health costs. Improving diet is a solution for treating DM. The addition of inulin to growol cookie products is known to reduce the glycemic index of cookies to 41 (low glycemic index). The addition of inulin, a dietary fiber, is thought to be able to provide antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects.
Objectives: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of inulin addition into growol cookies to improve glycemic control and lipid profiles.
Methods: Induction of DM was carried out in 20 male Sprague Dawley rats by administering a high-fat diet for three weeks followed by injection of 110 mg/kgBW of nicotinamide (NA) and 45 mg/kgBW of streptozotocin (STZ). Rats with DM were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely negative control (KN), positive control (glibenclamide 0.09 mg/200 grams of rat weight) (KP), giving control growol cookies as a snack (CGK), and giving inulin-modified growol cookies as a snack (CGI). Measurements of glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles were carried out before and after four weeks of intervention using GOD-PAP, ELISA, and CHOD-PAP techniques. Homa IR and Homa ß measurements were carried out using a formula based on the results of glucose and insulin levels.
Results: There were significant differences in glycemic control and lipid profiles between groups (p<0.05 and p<0.001). The CGI group had glucose, insulin, and total cholesterol levels that were close to the healthy control group (KS) and better than the KP group. Homa IR values, triglyceride, HDL levels, and LDL levels in the CGI group were as good as those in the KP group. The best Homa ß value was in the KS group, followed by the CGI group and the KP group.
Conclusions: The addition of inulin to growol cookies can improve glycemic control and lipid profiles in experimental animals.