Preparation of Some Oxazepine Derivatives Derived from Benzimidazole Substitutes and Study of their Biological Activity

Abstract

Despite significant advancements in drug discovery, many diseases still lack effective treatments. Oxazepine derivatives, a class of heterocyclic compounds, have shown promising potential in many therapeutic areas, however, their discovery and development are still relatively limited. Accordingly, the research aims to prepare, characterize, and biologically evaluate new oxazepine derivatives derived from benzimidazole substitutes. The aim was to identify compounds with biologically active potential. Several oxazepine derivatives were prepared starting from the preparation of substituted benzimidazole (SA1) as a starting material with high productivity and then reacting it with ethyl chloroacetate in the presence of a base to obtain the corresponding ester (SA2). The ester (SA2) reacts with hydrazine to obtain hydrazide (SA3). Hydrazones (SA4-5) were obtained from the reaction of hydrazide (SA3) with different Benzaldehydes in the presence of glacial acetic acid as a catalyst. Finally, oxazepine derivatives (SA6-11) were obtained from the reaction of hydrazones with maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, or phthalic anhydride. The prepared compounds were confirmed by physical methods like melting point and color and by spectroscopic methods using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Some of the prepared compounds were biologically evaluated. Against three strains of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a type of yeast: Candida albicans, and compared with different antibiotics and antifungals. Some compounds showed biological activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeast, these results highlight the potential of this class of compounds for further exploration as potential drug candidates. Future studies could