Bibliometric Analysis of Herbal Treatments for Male Infertility: Trends, Efficacy, and Future Directions

Abstract

Male infertility, which affects approximately 7% of men worldwide, contributes significantly to overall infertility rates. This condition stems from complex genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Conventional treatments, including pharmacological and surgical options, often have limited efficacy and can cause adverse side effects, prompting growing interest in alternative treatments, particularly herbal medicine. This bibliometric analysis investigates trends, efficacy, safety, and future directions in the use of herbal treatments for male infertility. Using Scopus data and Biblioshiny for network visualization, the analysis evaluates publication trends, geographical and institutional contributions, funding sources, and the primary themes addressed in the field up to 2024. Findings indicate increasing research interest, particularly in China, Iran, and India, where traditional medicine systems like Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda are culturally significant. Despite promising results, especially from herbs such as Withania somnifera and Tribulus terrestris, the field lacks standardized formulations and rigorous clinical trials that confirm these remedies’ efficacy and safety. This study highlights the need for standardized methodologies and expanded international collaborations to ensure the global applicability of findings. Further research is essential to integrate these herbal treatments effectively into mainstream medical practices, offering culturally sensitive and scientifically validated treatment options.