Effects of Capparis cartilaginea Extract on Cell Proliferation and Morphology in Ovarian and Testicular Tissues

Abstract

Background: Medicinal plants have long been studied for their potential health benefits, particularly in reproductive health. Capparis cartilaginea (C. cartilaginea), a plant native to Saudi Arabia, is known for its pharmacological properties, yet its effects on reproductive cells remain unclear. This study explores how C. cartilaginea fruit extracts influence ovarian and testicular cell morphology, viability, and proliferation in rats.
Methods: Forty adult Wistar rats (both male and female) were divided into four groups per gender, receiving oral doses of C. cartilaginea fruit extract (0, 1000, 2000, or 3000 mg/kg body weight) for six weeks. We assessed the reproductive tissues using histological (H&E staining) and immunohistochemical (Ki67 proliferation marker) analyses.
Results: No toxic or degenerative changes were observed in ovarian or testicular tissues across all treated groups. The seminiferous tubules in the testes and follicular structures in the ovaries retained normal morphology. Interestingly, Ki67 staining indicated a dose-dependent increase in cellular proliferation in spermatocytes, Leydig cells, granulosa cells, and lutein cells, suggesting a potential fertility-enhancing effect.
Conclusion: Capparis cartilaginea fruit extract appears to be safe for reproductive tissues and may even promote cell proliferation, hinting at potential benefits for fertility. These findings open new doors for further research into its molecular mechanisms and possible clinical applications.